How to Whiten Teeth: Dental Hygienist Explains

Teeth whitening is one of the most sought-after cosmetic dentistry procedures, and it’s easy to see why. A bright, white smile can boost confidence and enhance your overall appearance. However, achieving and maintaining whiter teeth isn’t just about using the strongest whitening product available. It requires a combination of good oral hygiene, the right whitening methods, and professional guidance. As a registered dental hygienist, I’m here to break down everything you need to know about whitening your teeth safely and effectively.

What is Teeth Whitening?

Teeth whitening is the teeth whitening process of lightening tooth color by removing surface stains and deep-seated discoloration. There are two main types of whitening:

• Extrinsic Whitening: Removes surface stains from the outer layer of the teeth, often caused by foods, beverages, and tobacco use.
• Intrinsic Whitening: Lightens the internal structure of the teeth using whitening agents like hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.

While whitening improves the appearance of your smile, it’s essential to remember that white teeth are not necessarily healthy teeth. Before beginning any whitening regimen, ensure your oral health is in good condition by following a strong dental hygiene routine at home, as well as visiting your dental office for routine checkups and professional teeth cleanings.

At-Home Teeth Whitening Methods

There are several over-the-counter teeth whitening products available, but not all are created equal. Here are some of the most effective options for whitening discolored teeth:

Whitening Toothpaste

• Whitening toothpastes contain mild abrasives to prevent surface stains.
• Some brands of whitening toothpastes include small amounts of hydrogen peroxide for gradual brightening.
• Best for maintaining results (by reducing tooth stains from forming) rather than producing dramatic whitening effects.

Whitening Strips

• Thin, flexible strips coated with a peroxide-based whitening gel.
• Adhere to teeth for a set amount of time (always read the instructions).
• Can be effective, but uneven whitening may occur if not applied correctly.

Whitening Kits (Semi-Custom or Custom Gel Trays)

• Typically contain carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide for whitening.
• Custom trays (available from your dentist office) sometimes provide better results than generic semi-custom trays, due to the way they adhere to your teeth.
• Always check with your dental provider to determine the best method for your individual needs.

Related: Teeth Whitening Cost

Professional Whitening Options

For faster and more noticeable results, professional teeth whitening treatments are available through dental offices.

In-Office Whitening Treatments

• Uses high concentrations of hydrogen or carbamide peroxide for tooth whitening.
• Provides immediate results under professional supervision.
• Customized for individual needs,
• Not a great option for those with sensitive teeth, as it can increase sensitivity.
• Teeth whitening cost is higher than over the counter products

Custom Whitening Trays 

• Fitted by a dentist to ensure even application of whitening gel.
• Can be used at home with a professional-grade whitening formula.
• Reduces risk of gum irritation and uneven whitening.

Professional Whitening Procedure

A professional whitening procedure is a safe and effective way to achieve a brighter, whiter smile. The process typically begins with a consultation with a dentist to determine the best course of treatment for your individual needs. During this consultation, the dentist will examine your teeth and gums to ensure that you are a good candidate for whitening.

The procedure itself usually takes about 30-60 minutes and involves the application of a high-concentration whitening gel to your teeth. This gel is left on for 15-30 minutes, depending on the type of gel and the desired level of whitening. Some dentists may also use a special blue light to activate the gel and enhance the whitening process.

After the procedure, your teeth may be sensitive, but this is typically temporary and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Your dentist may also provide you with a take-home whitening kit to maintain your results and keep your teeth looking their best.

Professional whitening treatments are an excellent option for those who want to achieve a dramatic whitening effect in a short amount of time.

Steps to Whiten Teeth Safely at Home

If you’re choosing an at-home whitening method, follow these steps to achieve the best results:

Step 1: Read and Follow Instructions

• Each whitening product has unique instructions, so always follow them carefully.
• Overuse or improper application can lead to tooth sensitivity and gum irritation.

Step 2: Brush and Floss First

• If the product instructions recommend brushing and flossing beforehand, do so to ensure even whitening.
• Removing plaque and debris allows the whitening agents to work more effectively. In addition to proper home care, it is highly recommended to have a professional cleaning at your dental office before starting at-home whitening.

Step 3: Apply the Whitening Product

• Whether using teeth whitening strips, semi-custom trays, or custom trays, follow the recommended application time.
• Avoid leaving whitening products on longer than advised to prevent increased sensitivity.

Step 4: Rinse and Brush Again

• After removing whitening strips or trays, rinse your mouth thoroughly.
• Brushing with sensitivity toothpaste can help minimize discomfort.

Step 5: Remove Residual Whitening Product

• Scraping your tongue and rinsing thoroughly eliminates any leftover whitening agents.
• This helps prevent irritation and protects gum tissue.

Step 6: Avoid Stain-Causing Foods and Drinks for 24-48 Hours

After whitening, teeth are more porous and susceptible to foods and beverages that can stain teeth.

Avoid foods and beverages that can stain teeth like:

• Coffee, tea, red wine, and soda
• Dark-colored sauces (soy sauce, red pasta sauce)
• Berries and artificially colored foods

If necessary, use a straw for drinking stain-causing beverages.

Maintaining Your Whitening Results

Achieving a whiter smile is just the beginning. Without proper maintenance, teeth stains and discoloration can return. Here’s how to keep your smile bright for the long haul:

Good Oral Hygiene Practices

• Brush Twice a Day – Use a whitening toothpaste with fluoride to prevent surface stains and protect against cavities.
• Floss Daily – Stains can build up between teeth where they’re harder to notice.
• Professional Cleanings Matter – The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends professional cleanings at least twice a year to keep plaque and tartar from dulling your smile.

Lifestyle Changes for a Whiter Smile

In addition to professional whitening treatments, there are several lifestyle changes you can make to help keep your teeth looking their best. Here are a few tips:

• Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing and flossing regularly can help remove surface stains and prevent new ones from forming. Use a whitening toothpaste to maintain your results.
• Avoid Stain-Causing Foods and Drinks: Coffee, tea, and red wine are common culprits when it comes to tooth discoloration. Try to limit your consumption of these beverages or use a straw to minimize contact with your teeth.
• Quit Smoking: Smoking is a major contributor to tooth discoloration and can also lead to a range of other oral health problems. Quitting smoking can significantly improve the appearance of your teeth.
• Chew Sugar-Free Gum: Chewing sugar-free gum can help stimulate saliva production, which can neutralize acid and remineralize teeth, helping to prevent stains.
• Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Regular dental cleanings and check-ups can help remove surface stains and prevent new ones from forming. Professional cleanings are essential for maintaining a bright smile.

By making these lifestyle changes and combining them with professional whitening treatments, you can achieve a brighter, whiter smile that will last for years to come.

Preventing Stains and Discoloration

• Limit Staining Foods & Drinks – Reducing coffee, tea, and soda intake helps preserve your whitened teeth and prevent tooth stains.
• Use a Straw – Minimizes direct contact of staining beverages with your teeth.
• Rinse with Water After Eating – Helps wash away pigments and acids that could cause discoloration.
• Avoid Tobacco Products – Smoking and chewing tobacco create deep-set stains that are difficult to remove.

Whitening Risks and Precautions

While whitening is generally safe, there are a few potential side effects to be aware of:

• Excessive whitening can weaken tooth enamel, increasing the risk of cavities and tooth decay.
• It's generally not recommended to whiten your teeth more than four times a year. This means completing a full cycle of whitening gels, strips, or trays no more than four times annually.

Increased tooth sensitivity

• Whitening treatments can temporarily make teeth more sensitive.
• To minimize sensitivity:
• Use desensitizing toothpaste before and after treatments.
• Take breaks between whitening sessions if discomfort occurs.

Gum Irritation

Some whitening products can irritate gums if overused.

To avoid this:

• Follow product instructions carefully.
• Avoid getting whitening agents directly on gum tissue.

Overuse and Tooth Enamel Erosion

• Excessive whitening can erode tooth enamel, increasing the risk of cavities.
• Stick to recommended usage guidelines and consult your dental provider if unsure.

Precautions for Sensitive Teeth and Gums

If you have sensitive teeth or gums, there are several precautions you can take to minimize discomfort during the whitening process. Here are a few tips:

Use a Desensitizing Toothpaste: There are many toothpastes on the market specifically designed for sensitive teeth (usually containing potassium nitrate and/or stannous fluoride). These toothpastes can help reduce sensitivity and make the whitening process more comfortable.

Use a Lower Concentration of Whitening Gel: If you have sensitive teeth or gums, your dentist may recommend using a lower concentration of whitening gel to minimize discomfort.

Avoid Over-Whitening: Over-whitening can cause sensitivity and discomfort. Be sure to follow the instructions on the packaging and/or any guidelines provided by your dentist.

By taking these precautions, you can minimize discomfort and achieve a brighter, whiter smile even if you have sensitive teeth or gums.

Choosing the Best Whitening Method for You

The best whitening systems depends on your lifestyle, habits, and dental health.

• For Quick and Dramatic Results – Professional in-office whitening is the fastest option for addressing yellow teeth.
• For Gradual Whitening at Home – Whitening strips, semi-custom trays, and custom trays provide a progressive approach.
• For Long-Term Maintenance – A combination of whitening products, whitening toothpaste, stain prevention, and good oral hygiene will help keep your teeth bright.

Conclusion: The Best Way to Whiten Your Teeth

Achieving and maintaining a bright smile requires a mix of oral hygiene, whitening treatments, and stain prevention. The best approach depends on your needs:

• For immediate results – Professional whitening at your dental office is ideal.
• For gradual improvements – At-home whitening trays or strips are great options.
• For long-term maintenance – Prioritize daily brushing, flossing, and stain prevention habits.

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic enhancement, not a substitute for oral health. Prioritize a strong dental care routine first, then whiten safely for the best results. If you need personalized advice, consult your dentist or dental hygienist to create a plan that works best for you.

Summary of Teeth Whitening Options

There are many teeth whitening options available, ranging from professional treatments to at-home whitening kits. Here is a summary of the most common options:

• Professional Whitening Treatments: These treatments are performed in a dentist’s office and typically involve the application of a high-concentration whitening gel to the teeth. They provide quick and dramatic results.
• At-Home Custom-Trays: Tray-based whitening involves the use of a custom-fitted tray to apply a whitening gel to the teeth. Custom trays provided by dentists sometimes offer better results than generic over-the-counter kits.
• At-Home Semi-Custom Trays: These kits are available over-the-counter and typically involve the use of a lower concentration of whitening gel than professional treatments. They offer a gradual whitening effect.
• At-Home Whitening Strips: Whitening strips are thin, flexible strips coated with a peroxide-based gel. They are applied to the teeth and left on for a specified period. They can be effective but may cause uneven whitening if not applied correctly.
• Whitening Toothpastes: Whitening toothpaste contains mild abrasives that can help prevent surface stains and brighten teeth. They are best for maintaining results rather than producing dramatic changes.

Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the best option for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Be sure to consult with a dentist and/or dental hygienist to determine the best course of treatment for your teeth.